In Hospitals, these cards are used to store the details of patients. The payment cards like debit cards and credit cards are issued by banks as well as commercial organizations. The examples of smart cards include the following.
#Install smart card and pin software
Apparently you can pull some information off of contact-less smart cards, but I would think the private key should still be PIN-protected (and encrypted) and possibly not made available over the air. Software: The software used in the is a ‘card operating system‘ & installed applications. I only have experience with contact smart cards, there are also contact-less smart cards and hybrid smart cards. (But I don't claim expert advice on these topics.) Some quick searching revealed that differential power or timing analysis could allow an attacker to gain knowledge of the private key (provided something is actively being encrypted or decrypted - I would think this also means they still need the PIN), and using physical corrosives or acid could allow access to the internal processor. This also means that if you lose the card you will no longer be able to decrypt items encrypted with your public key. The token enables the printer to communicate with the type of Smart Card you are using. It sounds like private keys are typically generated on-board the smart card, so the private key will only exist on the single card. If you are using Smart Cards with this application, then an authentication token must be installed and running on the printer. Most implementations of smart card readers being used to log into a laptop/account should have some sort of protection against a brute force attack, for example, after 3 failed attempts the card reader is locked and human interference is needed to reset the PIN (this happens at my company). But remember, an 8-digit PIN means a keyspace of 10^8 or 100 million PIN possibilities. Once the PIN is guessed, all bets are off because they have passed the two-factor authentication method of something you have (the smart card), and something you know (the PIN). Typically, unless the person who has your card and laptop also knows/guesses your PIN, they should not be able to extract the private key.
#Install smart card and pin password
In short, the rule is always "if they have physical access to your data, nothing can prevent them from using it." This will hold true up to quantum style cryptography (which could turn the data to noise if you put the wrong password in). They were able to back out the AES key by looking at the length of loops that got executed. I read an article a few years back that did a side-channel attack on a smart card by measuring the microamp power draw changes as instructions were executed.
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If you think about it, if you could secure something perfectly, defusing bombs would be a much more difficult art, wouldn't it! But it's only designed to increase the difficulty of such exercises. Some will do things such as put powdered aluminum right over the top of the memory chip, so that any attempt to mill your way into the chip to directly read the memory will melt the chip. Some will have a PIN interface that erases the card after N failed attempts. Now, for the fuzzier part, most smart cards take great care to make it difficult to do so. Yes, once they have all the data, they have all the data.